Phonological treatments to improve naming ability in aphasia focus on re-strengthening connections within the phonological system, encouraging widespread change. Target words selected as treatment stimuli may play a critical role in this rationale. This pilot study examines if the phonological neighborhood density of target words influences naming ability in the treatment of phonologically-based word-finding impairment seen in aphasia. Results suggest that training words from dense phonological neighborhoods may show greater improvements in naming ability than words from sparse phonological neighborhoods. Additionally, training high density words within front-matched triplets may lead to the greatest treatment effects following training. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the fact that stimulus parameters, such as phonological neighborhood density, may interact in complex ways with the effectiveness of treatment protocols. Further investigation of neighborhood density effects in individuals with aphasia who have varying levels of severity and profiles of naming deficit is warranted.