Due to the advancement of biomedical interventions, people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are living longer. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention projects that by 2025, older PLWHA over age 50 will make up more than half of the epidemic, with gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men remaining the most disproportionally affected. As PLWHA continue to age, they are at increased risk for experiencing neurocognitive, mental health, or psychosocial challenges that impact their overall health and well-being. Limited studies have examined whether resilience, the ability to bounce back or overcome challenging situations, can help to lessen the effect of these challenges. This dissertation has three specific aims: (1) to assess the factor structure and psychometric properties of a newly developed tool examining HIV-related resilience, (2) evaluate mental health and sociodemographic correlates of HIV-related resilience, and (3) examine the self-reported neurocognitive correlates of HIV-related resilience. 250 older gay men age 50–69 living with HIV/AIDS in the New York City area were part of this study. After validating the HIV-related resilience screener, results from the subsequent analyses indicate that higher levels of HIV-related resilience are associated with better mental and neurocognitive health outcomes. Further research is necessary to gain a better understanding on the role that resilience has on the holistic healthcare and health of older gay men living with HIV/AIDS, especially neurocognitive functioning and mental health outcomes. Shifting towards a strengths-based perspective is a critical next step for researchers, practitioners, and clinicians alike.