Considering the profound levels of trauma exposure among the growing refugee population worldwide, there is an urgent need to better understand the complex interactions of factors associated with resilience as a key protective factor against adversity. This study used a mixed-methods approach to investigate the relationship between demographic factors, environmental stressors, trauma coping self-efficacy, cultural factors, resilience, and PTSD among Syrian refugees in Germany. Quantitative findings showed that nearly half of all survey participants (n = 127) met the criteria for a probable PTSD diagnosis (n = 59, 46.5%). Environmental stressors were significant predictors of PTSD, explaining 45.7% of the variance after accounting for significant demographic factors (β = –.683, t = –9.842, p = 0.000). Participants who had food concerns were 42.8 times more likely to have probable PTSD than participants who reported having enough food (OR = 42.8, 95% CI = 5.6 to 330.1, p < 0.000). Not being content with one’s housing situation increased the odds of having probable PTSD 14.7 times compared to individuals who had no housing concerns (OR = 14.7, 95% CI –5.7 to 36.6, p < 0.000). Qualitative findings indicated five main themes that represent threats to positive adaptation to life in Germany: 1) communication difficulties, 2) socioeconomic living conditions, 3) family related issues, 4) cultural differences, discrimination, and social isolation, and 5) asylum procedure. Implications for treatment and future research are discussed.