Nanotechnology is an area of increased focus in scientific investigation and industrial application due to the unique physical properties of nanoparticles and their potential uses. While the apparent advantages of utilizing this technology offer prospective innovations in many sectors of human interests, there is still relatively little known about how these particles interact with the environment and those who inhabit that environment. This question is at the center of this paper. In this study, nanoscale elemental selenium particles with an average size of 75nm were synthesized and characterized using innovative nanotechnology instrumentation. The stability of the particles within this system were analyzed. The nanoparticles were introduced to the bacteria P. fuscovaginae for assessment for bioaccumulation, bioconcentration, and transformation of the elemental selenium nanoparticles. Varying concentrations of the particles and differing chemical species were evaluated to see their effects with the bacteria. The results showed the highest concentration of selenium nanoparticles in the treatment of 10 μg/mL. The treatment of 25 μg/mL has resulted in toxic effects on bacterial growth. The treatment of 5 μg/mL showed moderate uptake and accumulation. Preliminary data on speciation indicated the bacteria may have speciated the SeNP.